Boima le Boima ka Selemo sa Pele ka Lichate
Joaloka batsoali ba bangata, u ka 'na ua ipotsa hore na ngoana oa hau o ntse a hōla ka tloaelo. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe liteko, ha ho khothalletsoe ho bapisa khōlo ea ngoana oa hao le tsoelopele ho bana ba bang. Ngoana e mong le e mong ke motho ka mong mme o hōla ka lebelo la hae. Bana ba bang ba baholo, 'me bana ba bang ba banyenyane. Hantle ho na le kholo ea bophelo bo botle. 'Me, kaha kgolo e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ngata, hase bohle ba latelang mokhoa o tšoanang.
Mona ke tse ling tsa litekanyo tsa boima le bophahamo nakong ea selemo sa pele. Empa, hopola, haeba ngoan'a hao a le monyane kapa a le moholo ho feta litekanyo tsena tse tloaelehileng, ha ho bolele hore ha ho tloaelehile.
Ke Lipatlisiso life tsa ho hōla tse bolelang
Lintlha tsa ho hōla le li-percentile ke lisebelisoa tse thusang ho latisa kholo ea bana ka mor'a nako. 50th percentile ha e bolele ho tloaeleha. Karolo ea bo-50 ea percentile e bolela karolelano. Ha bana ba bang ba oela molaleng o tloaelehileng, bana ba bangata ba oa ka tlaase kapa ka holim'a eona. Kahoo, haeba lesea la hau le se ke la li-50c percentile, ka sebele ha le bolele hore ha a hōle ka mokhoa o nepahetseng. Lintho tse ngata li tlatsetsa bophahamong le boima ba lesea la hao, ho akarelletsa le liphatsa tsa lefutso, lijo le boemo ba mosebetsi. Bana ba nang le bophelo bo botle ba mothating oa bobeli ba pentekotiki hammoho le li-percentile tse 95.
WHO le CDC Tsoelo-pele ea Khōlo
Litekoto tsohle tsa kgolo ha lia tšoana. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse (CDC) li fana ka lichate tsa likhutsana tsa ho hōla tse kenyelletsang lintlha tsa khale le tlhahisoleseding ho tsoa ho mekhoa e meng ea phepo.
Li-CDC tsa likhutsana tsa ho hōla ke mokhoa o bontšang hore na bana ba hōla joang nakong e itseng United States. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo oa Mokhatlo (WHO) o na le lintlha tse eketsehileng ho tloha ho masea a anyesitsoeng. Kaha bo-'mè ba anyesa ka ho eketsehileng 'me lipatlisiso tsa WHO li nkoa e le molao-motheo oa hore na bana ba lokela ho hōla joang, CDC e khothaletsa ho sebelisa lichate tsa kholo ea WHO bakeng sa bana bohle - ebang ke ho anyesa kapa ho noa foromo - lilemong tse peli tse qalang.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (APP) e lumellana le tlhahiso ea CDC.
Karolelano ea Boima ba 'Mè
Boima ba palo ea lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa bo boima ba lik'hilograma tse 7 ho isa ho tse 7,5. Empa, masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa a phetseng nako e telele a lekanya hohle ho tloha boima ba lik'hilograma tse 11 ho ea ho lik'hilograma tse 6 (2.6 - 3.8 kg). Boima ba 'mele bo fokolang bo ka tlaase ho lik'hilograma tse 2,5 ka nako e tletseng,' me ho feta ho feta karolelano ke 4,0 kg) ea birthweight.
Lintho tse ngata li ka ama tsoalo ea tsoalo ea lesea. Li akarelletsa:
- Libeke tse kae pele bokhachane bo e-ba teng: Bana ba tsoaloang pele ho nako hangata ba nyane, 'me masea a tsoetsoeng pele ho nako ea bona e ka ba kholoanyane.
- Ho tsuba: Bo-'mè ba tsubang ba atisa ho ba le masea a manyenyane.
- Gestational lefu la tsoekere: Lefu la tsoekere nakong ea bokhachane le ka fetisetsa lesea le leholoanyane ho feta la bobeli.
- Boemo bo nang le phepo : Ho ja lijo tse fosahetseng nakong ea bokhachane ho ka lebisa lesea le lenyenyane moo ho feteletseng ho boima ho ka lebisang ho lesea le leholoanyane.
- Histori ea lelapa: masea a mang a tsoaloa a le monyenyane kapa a maholoanyane, 'me a ka' na a mathela lelapeng.
- Tekano: Ka karolelano, banana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ba boima ba bonyane ho bashanyana.
- Bokhachane bo bongata: Ngoana ea se nang molekane o tla ba le boimana bo boholoanyane ho feta banab'abo rōna ba tsoetsoeng ka nako e le 'ngoe joaloka mafahla, mararo a mararo kapa ho feta.
Matsatsing a seng makae a pele a bophelo , ho tloaelehile hore masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa a fepa lebese le ho theola 'mele. Ngoana ea fepehileng ka botlolo a ka 'na a lahleheloa ke karolo ea 5 lekholong ea boima ba' mele oa hae, mme lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ka letsoele feela le ka lahleheloa ke karolo ea 10 lekholong. Empa, ka mor'a libeke tse peli, masea a mangata a sa tsoa tsoaloa a khutlisetsoa boima bohle boo ba bo lahlileng 'me a khutlela boima ba bona ba tsoalo.
Karolelano ea Boima ba masea ka Khoeli
Ka khoeli e le 'ngoe, bana ba bangata ba tla fumana boima ba lik'hilograma ho feta boima ba bona ba tsoalo. Nakong ena, masea ha a tšoane le boroko , a qala ho ba le mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa ho fepa, 'me a na le katleho e matla nakong ea lijo.
Ka karolelano, masea a fumana likhaima tse lekanang khoeli ka khoeli likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse qalang.
Joale, pakeng tsa likhoeli tse tšeletseng le selemo, phaello ea boima e fokotseha hanyenyane. Boholo ba masea ba phahamisa boima ba 'mele ba bona ka bobeli ba likhoeli tse hlano ho isa ho tse tšeletseng le ha ba le lilemo li tharo.
Boima ba boima ba likhoeli tse tšeletseng ke boima ba lik'hilograma tse 7,3 bakeng sa banana le lik'hilograma tse 7,9 tsa bashanyana. Ka selemo se le seng, boima ba ngoana e monyenyane bo boima ba lik'hilograma tse 8,9 le bashanyana ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 9,6.
Lintho tse amang boima ba lesea ke:
- Tekano: Bashemane ba atisa ho lekanyetsa ho feta banana ba lekanang le bona ha ba sa le masea.
- Mofuta oa ho fepa: Bana ba anyesitsoeng ka masea ba ka 'na ba se ke ba nona boima ka potlako joaloka masea a nkang lebese.
- Lekala la Ketsahalo: Ngoana ea sebetsang haholoanyane a ka 'na a e-ba tlaase haholo
Litekoto tse peli tse ka tlase li bontša boima ba masea ho tloha khoeling e le 'ngoe ho feta selemo se le seng ho latela lichate tsa kholo tsa WHO. Tafole e le 'ngoe ke ea bashanyana,' me e 'ngoe ke ea banana. Chate e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bontša karolo ea 50 ea li-percentile hammoho le marang-rang ho tloha ka 3 ho fihlela ho 97th percentile. Litekoto tsena tsa khōlo ke tsa masea a phetseng hantle, a tletseng nako eohle. Ngaka e ka sebelisa litekoto tse khethehileng tsa ho hōlisa lesea pele ho nako, kapa masea a tsoaloang a e-na le litlhoko tse ikhethang tsa bophelo Hopola, sena ke feela sebaka seo ho buuoang ka sona. Haeba u na le mathata a hore ngoana oa hao o fumana boima bo boima kapa ha a lekaneng , o lokela ho iteanya le ngaka.
| Lilemo | 50th Percentile | Boima - 3 ho isa ho 97th Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Khoeli e le 'ngoe | 9 lbs 14 oz (4.5 kg) | 7 lbs 8 oz - 12 lbs 9 oz (3.4 - 5.7 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse peli | 12 lbs 5 oz (5.6 kg) | 9 lbs 11 oz - 15 lbs 7 oz (4.4 - 7.0 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 3 | 14 lbs (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 8 oz (5.1 - 7.9 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 4 | 15 lbs 7 oz (7.0 kg) | 12 lbs 6 oz - 18 lbs 15 oz (5,6 - 8.6 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 5 | 16 lbs 9 oz (7.5 kg) | 13 lbs 6 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (6.1 - 9.2 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 6 | 17 lbs 8 oz (7.9 kg) | 14 lbs 3 oz - 21 lbs 7 oz (6.4 - 9.7 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 7 | 18 lbs 5 oz (8.3 kg) | 14 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 6 oz (6.7 - 10.2 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 8 | Li-19 lbs (8.6 lik'hilograma) | 15 lbs 7 oz - 23 lbs 2 oz (7.0 - 10.5 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 9 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 14 oz - 24 lbs 1 oz (7.2 - 10.9 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 10 | 20 lbs 3 oz (9.2 kg) | 16 lbs 7 oz - 24 lbs 12 oz (7.5 - 11.2 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 11 | 20 lbs 12 oz (9.4 kg) | 16 lbs 14 oz - 25 lbs 7 oz (7.7 - 11.5 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 12 | 21 lbs 3 oz (9.6 kg) | 17 lbs 5 oz - 26 lbs 2 oz (7.8 - 11.8 kg) |
| Lilemo | 50th Percentile | Boima - 3 ho isa ho 97th Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Khoeli e le 'ngoe | 9 lbs 4 oz (4.2 kg) | 7 lbs 2 oz - 12 lbs (3.2 - 5.4 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse peli | 11 lbs 4 oz (5.1 kg) | 8 lbs 13 oz - 14 lbs 6 oz (4.0 - 6.5 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 3 | 12 lbs 14 oz (5,8 kg | 10 lbs 2 oz - 16 lbs 5 oz (4.6 - 7.4 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 4 | 14 lbs 2 oz (6.4 kg) | 11 lbs 3 oz - 17 lbs 14 oz (5.1 - 8.1 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 5 | 15 lbs 3 oz (6.9 kg) | 12 lbs 1 oz - 19 lbs 3 oz (5.5 - 8.7 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 6 | 16 lbs 2 oz (7.3 kg) | 12 lbs 13 oz - 20 lbs 5 oz (5.8 - 9.2 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 7 | 16 lbs 14 oz (7.6 kg) | 13 lbs 7 oz - 21 lbs 4 oz (6.1 - 9.6 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 8 | 17 lbs 7 oz (7.9 kg) | 13 lbs 14 oz - 22 lbs 2 oz (6.3 - 10.0 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 9 | 18 lbs 2 oz (8.2 kg) | 14 lbs 8 oz - 22 lbs 15 oz (6.6 - 10.4 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 10 | 18 lbs 11 oz (8.5 kg) | 14 lbs 15 oz - 23 lbs 10 oz (6.8 - 10.7 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 11 | 19 lbs 4 oz (8.7 kg) | 15 lbs 5 oz - 24 lbs 5 oz (7.0 - 11.0 kg) |
| Likhoeli tse 12 | 19 lbs 10 oz (8.9 kg) | 15 lbs 12 oz - 25 lbs (7.1 - 11.3 kg) |
A
Karolelano ea bolelele ba bonyane (boima) ka khoeli
Ka kakaretso, likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse qalang, lesea le hōla hoo e ka bang ka intshi e le 'ngoe ka khoeli. Pakeng tsa likhoeli tse tšeletseng le selemo, e lieha hoo e ka bang karolo ea 1/2 cm ka khoeli. Ka karolelano bolelele ba moshemane ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng bo bolelele ba lik'hilograma tse 67,6, 'me ngoanana e ka ba lisenthimithara tse 65,7. Ka selemo se seng bashanyana ba ka ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 75,7, 'me banana ba ka ba lisenthimithara tse 74.
Lintlha tse etsang qeto ea bophahamo ke:
- Liphatsa tsa lefutso: Bohloko ba 'mè oa ngoana, ntate le litho tse ling tsa malapa bo na le tšusumetso e kholo ka hore na ngoana o tla ba molelele hakae.
- Tekano: Bashanyana ba atisa ho ba balelele ho feta banana.
- Ho ja lijo tse nepahetseng: phepo e nepahetseng bakeng sa 'mè nakong ea bokhachane le lesea ka mor'a ho hlaha le ka tiisa hore' mele oa lesea o fumana li-vithamine, liminerale le liprotheine tse nepahetseng bakeng sa masapo a phetseng hantle le khōlo e nepahetseng.
- Mokhoa oa ho robala: Liphuputso li bontša hore masea a hōla ka nako e telele kamora 'mele le nako e telele ea ho robala.
- Ketsahalo ea mokhatlo : Thuto ea 'mele le ho ikoetlisa ho thusa ho haha mesifa le masapo a matla.
- Bophelo bo botle: Bothata bo sa foleng le maloetse nakong ea bongoaneng bo ka ama kholo le nts'etsopele.
Litekoto tse peli tse ka tlaase li bontša bolelele ba bolelele ba bana ho tloha khoeling e le 'ngoe ho feta selemo se le seng ho latela melao ea kholo ea WHO. Tafole e le 'ngoe ke ea bashanyana,' me e 'ngoe ke ea banana. Chate e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bontša karolo ea 50 ea li-percentile hammoho le marang-rang ho tloha ka 3 ho fihlela ho 97th percentile. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, lichate tsena tsa khōlo ke tsa masea a phetseng hantle, a tletseng nako eohle. Hape, ena e mpa feela e bua. Haeba u tšoenyehile ka khōlo ea ngoan'a hao, o lokela ho iteanya le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
* Li-inchane li pota-potiloe ka lisenthimithara tse peli tse haufi.
| Lilemo | 50th Percentile | Boima - 3 ho isa ho 97th Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Khoeli e le 'ngoe | 21 1/2 ka (54,7 cm) | 20 - 23 ho (51.1 - 58.4 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse peli | 23 ho (58.4 cm) | 21 1/2 - 24 1/2 ka (54.7 - 62.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 3 | 24 1/4 ka (61.4 cm) | 22 1/2 - 25 3/4 ka (57.6 -65.3 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 4 | 25 1/4 ka (63.9 cm) | 23 1/2 - 26 3/4 ka (60.0 - 67.8 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 5 | 26 ka (65.9 cm) | 24 1/2 - 27 1/2 ka (61.9 - 69.9 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 6 | 26 1/2 ka (67,6 cm) | 25 - 28 1/4 ka (63.6 - 71.6 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 7 | 27 1/4 ka (69.2 cm) | 25 1/2 - 28 3/4 ka (65.1 - 73.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 8 | 27 3/4 ka (70.6 cm) | 26 1/4 - 29 1/2 ka (66.5 - 74.7 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 9 | 28 1/4 ka (72.0 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 ka (67.7 - 76.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 10 | 28 3/4 ka (73.3 cm) | 27 1/4 - 30 1/2 ka (69.0 - 77.6 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 11 | 29 1/4 ka (74,5 cm) | 27 1/2 - 31 ho (70.2 - 78.9 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 12 | 29 3/4 ka (75,7 cm) | 28 - 31 1/2 ka (71.3 - 80.2 cm) |
| Lilemo | 50th Percentile | Boima - 3 ho isa ho 97th Percentile |
|---|---|---|
| Khoeli e le 'ngoe | 21 ho (53. cm 7) | 19 3/4 - 22 3/4 ka (50.0 - 57.4 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse peli | 22 1/2 ka (57.1 cm) | 20 3/4 - 24. ka (53.2 - 60.9 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 3 | 23 1/2 ka (59,8 cm) | 22 - 25 ho (55.8 - 63.8 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 4 | 24 1/2 ka (62.1 cm) | 22 3/4 - 26 ho (58.0 - 66.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 5 | 25 1/4 ka (64.0 cm) | 23 1/2 - 27 ho (59.9 - 68.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 6 | 25 3/4 ka (65.7 cm) | 24 1/4 - 27 1/2 ka (61.5 - 70.0 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 7 | 26 1/2 ka (67,3 cm) | 24 3/4 - 28 1/4 ka (62.9 - 71.6 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 8 | 27 ka (68,7 cm) | 25 1/4 - 28 3/4 ka (64.3 - 73.2 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 9 | 27 1/2 ka (70.1 cm) | 25 3/4 - 29 1/2 ka (65.6 - 74.7 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 10 | 28 ho (71.5 cm) | 26 1/4 - 30. ka (66.8 - 76.1 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 11 | 28 1/2 ka (72,8 cm) | 26 3/4 - 30 1/2 ka (68.0 - 77.5 cm) |
| Likhoeli tse 12 | 29 ho (74.0 cm) | 27 1/4 - 31. ka (69.2 - 78.9 cm) |
Ho Lahleheloa ke Boima ba 'mele le ho Fumana Bana
Le hoja ho tloaelehile hore lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa le be le boima ba 'mele matsatsing a seng makae a pele a bophelo, kamor'a nako eo, ho lahleheloa ke boima kapa boima bo boima ho ngoana ke pontšo ea bothata. Bakeng sa bana ba anyesang, e ka bolela hore lesea ha le fumane lebese le lekaneng la matsoele .
Ha ho tluoa tabeng ea ho fumana boima ba 'mele, masea a anyesang matsoele a fokotseha haholo ho feta masea a feptjoang ka letsoho hore a fumane boima bo boima ka potlako. Ho noa masea ho ka ba ha thusa ho thibela boima bo feteletseng le botenya. Empa, masea a anyesitsoeng ka letsoele a ka fumana chelete e ngata ha 'mè a e-na le lebese la matsoele a mangata haholo , ngoana o qeta nako e ngata haholo mooki, kapa lijo tse tiileng li qalile hoseng.
Lipalesa tsa khōlo ea masea
Bana ha ba hōle ka tekanyo e tsitsitseng. Ba na le linako tseo ba li hōlang butle-butle le linako tseo ba li thunang ka tšohanyetso. Ha ba e-na le ho eketseha ho hoholo ha kgolo ka nako e khutšoanyane, e bitsoa ho hōla ha leihlo. Khōlo ea ho hōla e ka etsahala ka nako leha e le efe, 'me ha ho joalo hore e latele mohlala. Lilemo tse ling tseo ngoana oa hao a ka bang le tsona li ntse li hōla ka matsatsi a leshome, libeke tse tharo, libeke tse tšeletseng, likhoeli tse tharo le likhoeli tse tšeletseng.
Nakong ea morao le ka morao, lesea la hau le tla hloka lebese la matsoele. Kaha lebese la motsoako le thehiloe motheong oa phepelo le tlhokahalo, lesea la hau le tla anyesa hangata nakong ena. U ka 'na ua lokela ho anyesa lesea la hao nako e ngata hora kapa lihora tse peli. Keketseho ena ea ho anyesa e re 'mele oa hao o etse lebese le eketsehileng . Ka lehlohonolo, lijo tsena hangata li nka matsatsi kapa a mabeli ha lebese la hao le fetola litlhoko tsa ngoana oa hao ea ntseng a hōla. Kamor'a moo, ngoan'a hao o lokela ho theolela tlaase ho tloaelehileng ea ho fepa.
Lentsoe le tsoang ho Verywell
Bana ke batho ka bomong. Li hōla ka litekanyetso tse fapaneng. Ho thata ho bapisa ngoana a le mong, esita le haeba e le bara le barali babo rōna. Ha o shebahala ho bana ba bang, e ka ba ntho e tšosang haeba u nahana hore ngoan'a hao o monyane ho feta kamoo a lokelang ho ba kateng kapa o lekanya ho feta kamoo a lokelang ho ba le lilemo tsa hae kateng. Ka lehlohonolo, ho na le tsela e bonolo ea ho fokotsa tšabo ea hao le ho fumana hantle hore na ngoana oa hau o ntse a hōla ho lebeletsoe. U tlameha ho latela lenane la kamehla la ho etela bana hantle moo mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a u fang lona.
Ngaka ea ngoana oa hau ke mohloli o molemo ka ho fetisisa oa tlhahisoleseding ha ho tluoa tabeng ea khōlo le nts'etso-pele ea ngoan'a hao. Ngaka e tla lekanya le ho lekanya lesea la hao nako le nako ha u mo bona. Hape, o tla boloka tlaleho ea khōlo ea ngoana oa hao le bophelo ba hae ka kakaretso ka nako. Ka tsela ena, u ka ikutloa u kholisehile hore ngoana oa hao o ntse a hōla ka tekanyo e tloaelehileng, e phetseng hantle. Hape, haeba ho e-na le lintlha leha e le life kapa mathata, li ka hlokomeloa 'me li hlokomeloa hang-hang.
> Mehloli:
> De Onis, M. WHO Litekanyetso tsa ho hōla ha bana: bolelele / bophahamo ba lilemo, boima ba boima, boima ba bolelele, boima ba 'mele le boima ba' mele . WHO. 2006.
> Dubois L, Kyvik KO, Girard M, Tatone-Tokuda F, Pérusse D, Hjelmborg J, Skytthe A, Rasmussen F, Wright MJ, Lichtenstein P, Martin NG. Menehelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso le tikoloho ho fokotsa boima, bolelele le BMI ho tloha ha motho a tsoaloa a le lilemo li 19: thuto ea machaba ea lihlopha tse fetang 12 000 tse peli. PLOS e le 'ngoe. 2012 Feb 8; 7 (2): e30153.
> Lawrence, Ruth A., MD, Lawrence, Robert M., MD. Ho Koetlisa Batsoali Tataiso ea Mosebetsi oa Bongaka Khatiso ea Bohlano. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015.
> Setsi sa Sechaba sa Lipalo-palo tsa Bophelo. Litekanyetso tsa ho hōla tsa WHO li khothalletsoa hore li sebelisoe US bakeng sa masea le bana ho ea lilemong tse 2 ho ea ho tse 2. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. 2010.
> Villar J, Ismail LC, Victora CG, Ohuma EO, Bertino E, DG Altman, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Gravett MG. Litekanyetso tsa machaba bakeng sa boima ba masea, bolelele, le mokokotlo oa hlooho ka nako ea boithati le thobalano: Thuto ea lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ea Thuto ea ProjectGRGR-21. Lancet. 2014 Sep 6; 384 (9946): 857-68.