Liente
CDC e thathamisa ho thibela ente e le ho finyella bophelo bo botle ba sechaba lekholong la bo20 la lilemo.
Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo o boetse o re liente tsa "ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa le e atlehang haholo bophelong bo botle ba sechaba," e leng ho thusang ho thibela "bana ba ka bang limilione tse 2,5 ba shoang selemo le selemo ho tloha liphateng tsohle tse tsoang diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (ho khohlela) masapole. "
Leha ho le joalo, liente li ka etsa ho hongata haholo.
Litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa ho entoa li ka 'na tsa thusa ho thibela:
- Lefu ho bana ba limilione tse 24 lefats'e ba sa khoneng ho finyella lihlopha tsa ente ea kemiso ba lokelang ho fumana pele ba e-ba le likhoeli tse 12
- Lefu la masea a limilione tse 1,3 le bana ba banyenyane ho tloha ho lefu la pneumococcal le rotavirus
- Batho ba ka bang 200 000 ba bolaoa ke masapo
- Bonyane batho ba 49 000 ba bolailoeng ke tetemase ea neonatal
- Maemo a tsoelang pele a pholio e tloaelehileng Afghanistan le Pakistan
'Me liente tse ncha li ka thusa ho laola mafu a mang le lits'oants'o tse ncha tse hlahelang.
Lintlha tsa liente
Ho ithuta le ho fumana lintlha ka liente le ho qoba lintlha tse fanang ka thibelo ea ente ho ka thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore bana ba hao ba entsoe ka botlalo 'me ba sireletsehile ho mafu a thibeloang ke ente :
- Nakong ea ha ba qeta sekolong, bana ba bangata ba latelang lenane la ho entoa ba tla ema ho fihlela ho 35 tekano ea liente tse 10 tse fapaneng (ho kenyeletsoa ente ea selemo le selemo), empa mohlomong e le lihlankana tse 20 feela ha li fumana liente tsa motsoako , joaloka Pediarix (DTaP-HepB-IPV) kapa Pentacel (DTaP-IPV-Hib), Kinrix (DTaP-IPV), le Proquad (MMR-Var), joalo-joalo, le spumist nasal spray hang ha ba le lilemo li peli.
- Le hoja u lokela ho leka ho fumana tekanyo ea ente ho latela lenane le entšelitsoeng la ente, hangata tekanyo ea ente e ntse e lekana, le haeba e ne e fanoa ka matsatsi a mane pele ho nako.
- Liente tsa bophelo , tse kang MMR le Varivax, li lokela ho fuoa ka nako e le 'ngoe kapa bonyane matsatsi a 28 a le mong.
- Hangata ha ho hlokahale hore u qale ho qala lihlopha tsa ente haeba u fihla morao ho fumana tekanyo e latelang kapa ea ho qetela ka lihlopha tsa ente.
- Mefuta e mengata ea liente tse entsoeng ka thibelo ea ente e fumanehile ho tloha ka 2001. Esita le ente ea mafu a fefo e fumaneha habonolo e le papiso ea bolokolohi.
- Thimerosal ka liente tsa mafu ha ho mohla e neng e amana le autism.
- Esita leha ho tlosoa thimerosal, ho ntse ho e-na le mefuta e meng ea liente tsa thibelo ea thibelo le li-vaccine tse ling tse ba thusang hore ba sebetse hantle, ho kenyeletsa le formaldehyde le aluminium. Boholo ba li senyeheloa ka tsela eo liente li entsoeng ka eona, 'me tse ling, tse kang formaldehyde, li ka tlase ho chelete eo ka tlhaho e fumanehang ho bana.
- Le hoja li sa fuoe bana, kamehla liente tse seng karolo ea lenane la rona la ente li fumaneha ho sireletsa khahlanong le maloetse a mang a thibeloang ke ente, joalo ka k'holera, yellow fever, typhoid, rabies, lefuba (BCG), shingles, le Encephalitis ea Japane (JE), joalo-joalo.
- U ke ke ua fumana feberu ho tsoa ho ente ea mokhachane. Lefuba le sa sebetseng (le bolailoeng) le fokotsoang kapa le batang, le fokotsoang (le fokolisitsoeng) le phelang le kokoana-hloko ea mokokotlo lits'ets'ets'etsong tsa mafu li ka baka mafu a mafu a batho ba ba fumanang.
- Liente li na le li-anti-freeze.
- Lancet e tlalehoa ke Andrew Wakefield e thusitseng ho qala tšabo e ngata mabapi le kamano pakeng tsa liente le autism ha ho mohla e hlalositsoeng ke bafuputsi ba bang, e se e khutlisitsoe hape e fumanoe e thehiloe lipatlisisong tsa bolotsana.
- Ho senyeha (syncope) ho ka etsahala, hangata ho feta metsotso e 15 ea ho entoa, haholo-holo bacha ba fumana li-HPV, Tdap le menyako ea meningococcal, ke kahoo bana ba atisang ho eletsa hore bacha ba lule kapa ba robale nakong ea thibelo ea thibelo 'me ba lokela ho hlokomeloa metsotso e 15 ka mor'a ho fumana letlobo.
- Ha likhutsana li theoha pakeng tsa 1989 le 1991, linyeoe tsa masole li ile tsa eketseha ho isa litekanyetsong tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa ho tloha ha vaccine e e-na le tumello ea molao, 'me ho na le linyeoe tse 55 467 ka lilemo tse tharo, tse 11 251 tsa hospital hospitals le ba 166 ba shoeleng. Liketsahalo tsa masopi li ile tsa boela tsa theoha hape ka mor'a hore liphutheho tse entsoeng ka ente e matla li eketse litefello tsa bana ba ente.
- Liente tse fetang 80 tsa likhetho li kentse litekanyetso tsa morao tsa liteko tsa meriana, ho kenyelletsa liente tsa malaria le feberu ea dengue.
Ke eng hape eo u lokelang ho e tseba ka liente tsa ho thibela bana ba hao ho entoa le ho sireletsoa?
Maloetse a thibelang mafu a ente
Liente tse fanoang ho bana ho ea ka lenane la liente tsa morao-rao li ba sireletsa khahlanong le mafu a thibeloang ke thibelo ea thibelo ea mafu a 16, ho kenyelletsa le mafu a bakoang ke:
- Varicella kokoana-hloko - likhoho / li-shingles
- Diphtheria
- Flu
- Hib - Haemophilus influenzae mofuta oa b
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Lefu la motho la papillomavirus (HPV)
- Measles
- Neisseria meningitidis (libaktheria tsa meningococcal)
- Ho fokotseha
- Pertussis (ho khohlela ho khohlela)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (libaktheria tsa pneumococcal)
- Polio
- Rotavirus
- Rubella
- Tetanus
Ho fapana le sekholopane, ha ho le e 'ngoe ea mafu a thibeloang ke ente e felisitsoeng.
Le hoja hangata e le ntho e sa tloaelehang United States, ho phatloha ho nyenyane ha maselese ho fetoha ho tloaelehileng haholo, 'me re bone linomoro tsa tlaleho ea likokoana-hloko tsa li-measles lilemong tsa morao tjena, le linyeoe tse ngata ho bana bao batsoali ba bona ba ileng ba hana ho ba kenya lichankaneng. ho ba le maemo a tloaelehileng, 'me re bone lipalo tsa palo ea likokoana-hloko tsa li-measles lilemong tsa morao tjena, le linyeoe tse ngata ho bana bao batsoali ba bona ba ileng ba hana ho li fumana.
Ho phatloha ha morao tjena ha mafu a thibeloang ke ente ho kenyelletsa:
- Ho phatloha ha likhahla tse ngata ho California le tse ling tse ling tse ngata
- Ho hlahisa likokoana-hloko linaheng tse 'maloa, hoo e ka bang ka makhetlo a mararo ka linyeoe tse mashome a mahlano, tse ngata li amahanngoa le bana ba seng bakae ba sa tsoaloang ba neng ba tsoa United States,' me ha bana ba bangata ba sa tsitsang ba e-na le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea nakoana ho phatloha hona, ho boetse ho ama bana ba bangata haholo haholo hore ba fumane ente ea bona ea MMR leha ho le joalo. Ts'ebollo ena ea masholu e tsoela pele, ka 2011 e fetoha selemo se seng sa tlaleho, linyeoe tse fetang 220, ka ho fetisisa lilemong tse 15.
- Maqhubu a mangata a Iowa (2006) le New York le New Jersey (2009)
Hangata bana ba kenang liente ba kula maemong ana, haholo-holo ha ba tšoaetsoa ke tšoaetso, eo katleho e leng 76% ho ea ho 95%, esita le ka mor'a tekanyo e 'meli, empa kotsi ea bana ba sa fumaneng liente ke ka tloaelo e phahameng haholo.
E leng se lebisang ho e 'ngoe ea lintlha tse hlakileng tsa ente: bana ba sa tsitsang ba ka beha bana ba kotsing ea ho fumana lefu le thibeloang ente, mohlomong hobane ba ne ba sa le monyenyane haholo hore ba ka entoa, ba ke ke ba entoa, kapa hobane thibelo ea bona e ne e sa sebetse .
Fumana Thuto. Fumana Vaccinated. Emisa ho phatloha.
Lisebelisoa:
Tlhaloso ea Lipolotiki ea Maiketsetso ea Amerika. Lenaneo le entsoeng ka thibelo ea bongoaneng le ho ba lilemong tsa bocha - United States, 2011. Pathoatrics. 2011; 127; 387-388.
CDC. Maikutlo a fosahetseng ka mafu a likokoana-hloko le mafu a kokoana-hloko. E fihlile ka February 2011.
CDC. Boiteko ba ho thibela Meriana ea Sechaba ho Hlahloba ho Tsosolosoa ha Likokoana-hloko Har'a Bana ba Likolo Tsa Bochabela-United States, 1989-1991. MMWR. July 24, 1992/41 (29); 522-525.
> Litlhahiso tse tloaelehileng mabapi le liente. Litlhahiso tsa Komiti ea Keletso ea Litloaelo tsa ho Koetlisa (ACIP). MMWR. La 28 January, 2011/60 (RR02); 1-60.
> Kreesten M. Madsen. Thimerosal le Occurrence of Autism: Bopaki bo sa nepahaleng ba tikoloho Ho tsoa Litabeng tsa Basotho ba Danish. Pediatrics, Sep 2003; 112: 604 - 606.
Measles --- United States, la 1 January - la 25 April, 2008. MMWR. La 1 May, 2008/57 (Tsamaiso ea Pele); 1-4.
> Paul A. Offit, MD. Ho Buisana le Batsoali ba Ts'oenyehileng: Na Liente li na le Li-Conservative tse Kotsi, Li-Adjuvants, Additives, kapa Baahiloeng? PEDIATRICS Vol. 112 No. 6 December 2003, maq. 1394-1397.
WHO. Liente tsa lefatše le liente tsa 'mele. Khatiso ea boraro. 2009.