Aneuploidy ke boemo boo seleng e nang le 'ona palo e sa nepahalang ea li-chromosomes. Aneuploidies ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa ho senyeheloa ke mpa, haholo-holo nakong ea bokhachane.
Ho utloisisa Chromosomes
Ho utloisisa hore na aneuploidy ke eng, o tla lokela ho qala ho ithuta ka li-chromosome. Li-chromosomes ke mehaho e nang le DNA ea rona. Li fumaneha nthong ea lisele tsohle tsa rona.
Lisele tse tloaelehileng tsa motho li na le li-chromosome tse 46 tse nang le lipara tse 23 tsa chromosome. Half ea li-chromosome tsa rona li tsoa ho bo-'mè ba rona le halofo e 'ngoe ho tloha bo-ntat'a rona.
Lihlopha tsa pele tsa chromosome tse 22, tse bitsoang autosomes, li tšoana le tse batona ho basali. Sehlopha sa bobeli se na le li-chromosome tsa thobalano. Tse tsehali, tse peli ke li-chromosome tse X. Ha e le banna, sehlopha sena ke X le Y chromosome.
Aneuploidy ke Eng?
Ka aneuploidy, sele e na le likopi tse tharo tsa chromosome e itseng (e bakang li-chromosome tse 47) kapa kopi e le 'ngoe ea chromosome (e hlahisang li-chromosome tse 45). Kopi e 'ngoe ea chromosome e bitsoa trisomy; kopi e sieo e bitsoa monosomy.
Phetoho leha e le efe palo ea li-chromosome ka peō kapa kahe ea sele e ka ama phello ea bokhachane. Tse ling tsa litlhokofatso li ka fella ka tsoalo ea bophelo, empa tse ling li bolaea ka lekhetlo la pele 'me li ke ke tsa lebisa ho lesea le tsoetseng pele.
Ho hakanngoa hore karolo ea 20 lekholong ea bokhachane e ka ba le aneuploidy.
Boholo ba bana ba imme ha bo sebetse 'me ka hona bo ke ke ba hlahisa lesea.
Pele beke ea leshome ea bokhachane, aneuploidies ke sesosa se tloaelehileng sa ho senyeha ha mpa.
Lisosa
Litšusumetso tsa tikoloho li ka 'na tsa baka chromosomal e sa tloaelehang, empa bo-rasaense ba lumela hore maemong a mangata a ho ba le mathata a bakoang ke ho ba le liphoso tse sa lebelloang ka ho arohana ha sele.
Boholo ba nako, le ha tlhahlobo ea chromosomal ka mor'a ho senyeheloa ke mpa e bontša hore lesea le anngoe ke aneuploidy, aneuploidy ha e khutlele nakong ea bokhachane.
Kamoo Matšoao a Matšoao a Amang Boimana kateng
Litlhapi (e leng kopi e eketsehileng ea chromosome) li tloaelehile ho feta monosomies (kopi e sieo). Matšoao a mangata a bakoang ke ho senyeheloa ke mpa. Ha e le hantle, ba ikarabella ho hoo e ka bang karolo ea 35 lekholong ea ho senyeha ha marapo.
Batho ba ka tlase ho karolo e le 'ngoe ea batho ba tsoaloa ba nang le mekhoa e mebe. Ho na le liphello tse kholo tsa bophelo bo botle ba chromosome e sa tloaelehang ho batho bana.
Ke lintho tse seng kae feela tse ka hlahisang tsoalo ea bophelo. E tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke trisomy 21, e tsejoang e le Down syndrome. Tse ling tse peli tsa autosomal (li-chromosome e seng tsa thobalano) tseo ka linako tse ling li hlahisang lesea ke trisomy 13 le 18. Ka bomalimabe, masea a tsoaloang a nang le lintho tsena tse bohloko a atisa ho phela.
Bana ba tsoetsoeng ka liketso tse itseng tsa chromosome ea thobalano ba ka phela ho batho ba baholo. Banna ba tsoetsoeng ba nang le li-chromosome tsa X le k chromosome e le 'ngoe ba na le lefu la Klinefelter's, le nang le lefu la Down syndrome le tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa. Banna ba ka boela ba phela ka X le li-chromosome tsa YY tse peli le tse tšehali tse nang le li-chromosome tse tharo.
Ha e le monosomies - se fapaneng le lintho tse bohloko - e le 'ngoe feela e hlahisang tsoalo ea bophelo.
Ena ke chromosome e le 'ngoe ea X ho tsehali, tse tsejoang e le " Turner's syndrome" .
Hape ho tsejoa e le: Aneuploidies, Trisomy, Monosomy, Chromosome Ho se tloaelehang
Lisebelisoa:
Ke li-chromosome tse kae tseo batho ba nang le tsona? Reference Reference Home. Laebrari ea Sechaba ea Meriana ea US. La 1 February, 2016.
Lethathamo la Tlhahiso ea Chromosomes. Institute of National Human Genome Research. La 16 June, 2015.
O'Connor, C. (2008) Chromosomal e sa tloaelehang: Li-Aneuploidies. Thuto ea tlhaho 1 (1): 172
Rai, R., Regan, L. (2006). Ho tloha ka ntle ho naha. Lancet.