AAP E Etsa Litaelo Tse Seholo Tsa Boroko ho Fokotsa Palo ea Lifuoa Tse Amanang le Boroko
Ka 2016, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) e hatisitse bana ba nang le tataiso e sireletsehileng ea boroko ka boiteko ba ho thibela lefu la tsoalo la masea la tšohanyetso (SIDS) le mafu a mang a amanang le boroko joaloka ho qhekella le ho felloa ke matla. Ha ba etsa joalo, ba fane ka litlhahiso tse 19 ho thusa ho sireletsa lesea la hau. Se ka makatsang ke hore tse ling tsa tsona li etsahala pele lesea la hao le hlaha.
Lintho tsa motheo ke hore u lokela ho latela litaelo tsohle tsa bophelo bo botle le tšireletseho, ho kenyelletsa tlhokomelo ea bakhachane le tlhokomelo e ntle , bakeng sa uena le lesea la hao. Sena se kenyeletsa liente tsa masea tse sebelisang li-Centres bakeng sa ho laola le ho thibela mafu (CDC). U lokela ho ela hloko le ho qoba ho sebelisa lisebelisuoa tse ngata tsa boroko tse etsang bonnete ba ho sireletsa khahlanong le SIDS le likotsi tse ling nakong ea boroko bakeng sa lesea kaha ha ho na lipatlisiso. Ho etsa lesea ho sireletsa 'me ho thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu le haeba u anyesa lesea la hao bosiu, bethe ea batho ba baholo e sireletsehileng e sireletsehile ho feta bethe kapa setulo se lokelang ho robala ka phoso. U ka bala lintlha tse ling ka tlase, ho akarelletsa le lintlha tse ling tse thusang uena le ba hlokomelang ngoana oa hau.
Boimana
Bakhachane ba lokela ho batla le ho fumana tlhokomelo ea bakhachane kamehla. Tlhokomelo ea bakhachane e ka ba molemo ho feta libeke tse 40 tsa bokhachane. Hase feela hore mokhoa oa tlhokomelo ea bakhachane e thusa ho fa moimana le lesea la bona kapa lesea monyetla o moholo oa ho ba le bokhachane bo botle le ho se be le bothata, empa hape ho thusa ho beha boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba lesea bakeng sa bophelo.
Ngoana ea tsoaloeng kamora 'moimana o tletseng mathata a ka' na a ba le kotsing e kholo ea mathata, ho akarelletsa le SIDS. Ka ho thibela mathata a kang bokhachane pele ho khoneha le ho eketsa mokhoa o phelang oa bophelo bo botle, melemo e tsoela pele nakong ea bokhachane bo fetileng le bongoaneng.
Qoba ho tsuba mosi nakong ea bokhachane le kamora ho hlaha. Qoba joala le tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi nakong ea bokhachane le kamora 'tsoalo. Ho tsuba le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le joala nakong ea bokhachane ho 'nile ha tsejoa ka nako e telele ho baka mathata a bakoang ke bokhachane, ho kenyeletsa le pelehi , basebetsi ba banyenyane ba nang le bothata ba botšehali (SGA) , mathata a tšoaetsanoang , joalo-joalo.
Hona joale ho na le bopaki ba hore ka ntle ho likotsi tseo ba ka li bakang nakong ea bokhachane, ho na le mathata a mangata hamorao bophelong, ho kenyelletsa le kotsi ea SIDS. Ka kopo hlokomela hore khothatso ena e ntse e tsoela pele bophelong bohle ba lesea, haholo-holo tabeng ea ho tsuba mme ha e kenyelle 'mè feela empa e le bana ba haufi le lesea.
Bongoaneng
Khutlela ho robala bakeng sa boroko bo bong le bo bong Ho ba le ngoana oa hao a robetse ka morao ho bontšitsoe ho fokotsa palo ea batho ba shoang ho tloha SIDS haholo haesale ho kenngoa ts'ebetsong ea Campaign ea ho khutlela Boroko (eo hona joale e leng Letšolo la Tšireletseho ho Boroko) ho tloha AAP le balekane ba bona. Tlhahiso ena ke ea bohle ba robetseng le bafani bohle ba tlhokomelo. Ke habohlokoa hore u etse sena mme u be le bonnete ba hore mang kapa mang ea tsotellang ngoana oa hau o etsa se ts'oanang, ho kenyeletsa bo-nkhono le bo-ntate-moholo le bafani ba tlhokomelo ea letsatsi.
Sebelisa boroko bo tiileng. Le hoja qalong u ka nahana hore sena ke feela ka ho tiea ha matloana a sekoti, e leng ho ba ho thibela ho robala hoa masea joaloka libethe, libethe tsa metsi, joalo-joalo. Lintho tsena li bontšitsoe ho eketsa kotsi ea ho felloa ke matla le lefu masea.
Ho belisoa ho khothaletsoa. Ho belisa ho sireletsa le ho thusa ho thibela SIDS, ho phaella melemo e meng e mengata.
Tšireletso ena e eketsa nako e telele eo u e anyesang 'me e phahame ha u fa lesea la hao feela lebese la matsoele. Empa ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore lebese leha e le lefe la matsoele le sireletsa 'me lesea le tla fumana melemo ena ha le fumana lebese la matsoele ka botlolo kapa senoelo. E 'ngoe ea liphetoho tse thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa sethalong sena sa likomelo ke hore haeba' mè a tla anyesa bosiu, ba khothaletsa hore haeba u robetse, khutlisetsa lesea le betheng ea hao (e lokelang ho bolokeha ho latela melao-motheo ena) haeba u robala le lesea. Ho 'nile ha e-ba le mabaka a mangata a lefu la masea moo batsoali, ba nahanang hore ba sireletsehile, ba robala ha ba fepa lesea bosiu betheng betheng kapa molula-setulo, feela hore ngoana a robale bethe.
Ho arolelana kamore le lesea ka ho robala kahare ho buelloa. Ho boloka lesea la hao ka kamoreng ea hau likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse qalang ho ka thusa ho sireletsa lesea la hau hape. AAP e khothalletsa hore sena se lokela ho ba betheng e arohaneng ha u sa latele litaelo tse ka holimo tsa ho arolelana bethe le ngoana oa hau. Sena se ka ba sefubeng, bassinet kapa motho ea robalang ka thōko.
Lula lintho tse bonolo le botebo bo hlephileng hole le sebaka sa boroko sa lesea. Lithako tsohle tsa boroko, ho kenyeletsa bethe ea batsoali, e lokela ho ba ntle ho lintho tse bonolo, tse kenyeletsang libethe tse eketsehileng. Sena se bolela hore u lokela ho cheka lipapali, masela a masea, mme ho ka 'na ha e-ba le li-bumpers tse ling le likobo tse ling tsa li-crib. Ho molemo haholo ho boloka lesea la hao le koahetsoe ke liaparo tse thata ho feta likobo tse ka kenyang lesea le ho li senya.
Nahana ka ho fana ka pacifier ka nako ea nap le ho robala. Ho na le lithuto tse ling tse bontšang ngoana ea nang le pacifier a ka ba le kotsing e kholo ea SIDS. Leha ho le joalo, ho boleloa hore ha ua lokela ho qobella ngoana hore a nke pacifier. U ka boela ua batla ho fana ka pacifier hanngoe feela ha ho anyesa e tsitsitsoe hantle ho sireletsa lebese la hau.
Qoba ho fetoloa ho feta. Hangata masea a bonahala a apere liaparo tse ling, esita le nakong ea lehlabula. Ha masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa a e-na le bothata le melao ea mocheso, ha ho hlokahale hore ba hloke ho feta leseli le fetang la seo re ka se apereng. Le hoja ho molemo ho sebelisa boroko bakeng sa lesea ho feta kobo, etsa bonnete ba hore boemo ba leholimo bo loketse.
Bacha ba lokela ho entoa ka ho latela litlhahiso tsa AAP le CDC. Ngoana ea phetseng hantle o ke ke a shoa ka SIDS ntle le mafu ao liente li li sireletsang.
Ho hlokomeloa, ho tsoha nako ea tummy ho kgothaletswa ho ntlafatsa ntshetsopele le ho fokotsa ntshetsopele ya plagiocephaly ya nakoana. E 'ngoe ea lintho tse amehileng ka ho robala morao e bile positionalce plagiocephaly , moo mokokotlo oa hlooho ea lesea e hlaphoheloang ho tloha ho robala ho eona. Ho thusa ho thibela sena hore se se ke sa etsahala, nako ea boimana e khothalletsoa ngoana nakong ea ho tsoha ha u ntse u khona ho ela hloko le ho sireletsa lesea la hao kotsing.
Lihlahisoa
Qoba tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa khoebo tse sa lumellaneng le litlhahiso tse sireletsehileng tsa boroko. Ho na le lihlahisoa tse ngata tse rekisoang ho batsoali ba bacha. Tse ngata tsa lihlahisoa tsena li etsa lipolelo tse sa hlileng li netefatsoang ka lipatlisiso tsa saense. Sena se ka lebisa likotsing tse baka kotsi kapa lefu ho lesea la hau. Ho 'nile ha hopola tse' maloa lilemong tse fetileng tsa mofuta ona oa lihlahisoa. AAP e batla ho nka bohato bo bong hape mme e thibela batsoali ho reka lihlahisoa tse thehiloeng ho lipolelo tsena tsa bohata. Kahoo haeba u bona ntho e 'ngoe' me u nahane ka ho e reka, hlahloba hape haeba litlaleho li bonahala eka ha li na thuso ho tsena tataiso.
Ha ho na bopaki bo khothalletsoang hore ho thoe ho roala likhahla e le leano la ho fokotsa kotsi ea SIDS. Ho roala lihlahisoa ho 'nile ha tšoaroa e le mokhoa oa ho thibela SIDS. Sena ha se fumanoe lipatlisisong. Kahoo haeba ngoana oa hao a hloile ho roala, u se ke ua hatella ka eona. Haeba o etsa swaddle lesea la hao, etsa bonnete ba hore o shebile ho chesa haholo le ho sireletsa letheka har'a mekhoa e meng e sireletsehileng ea swaddle.
U se ke ua sebelisa li-cardirespiratory home surveillance e le leano la ho fokotsa kotsi ea SIDS. Batsoali ba bang ba nahane hore ho hlahloba ngoana ho tla ba molemo, empa sena ha se fumanoe hore ke sona. Boloka chelete ea hau 'me u bue le ngaka ea hao pele u sebelisa thepa ea mofuta oa mahae oa lapeng.
Leano
Tsoela pele ho etsa lipatlisiso le ho beha litebelisuoa litsing tsa kotsi, lisosa le lisosa tsa pathophysiologic tsa SIDS le tse ling tsa lefu la masea le amanang le boroko, ka sepheo sa ho felisa lefu lena ka ho feletseng. Phuputso lilemong tse 20 tse fetileng e entse ho hongata ho thibela lefu la lesea ha le amana le boroko. Re hloka ho falimeha mme re tsoele pele ho batla litsela tsa ho thibela lefu lena.
Media le bahlahisi ba lokela ho latela tataiso ea boroko bo sireletsehileng ha ba romellana melaetsa le papatso. AAP e phahamisa mohala oa eona ho bahlahisi ba lihlahisoa hore ba se ke ba tšoasa malapa a tšabang 'me ba ipotse hore na ba ka etsa eng ho thusa ho pholosa masea a bona. AAP e batla hore ba kenye letsoho ho sireletsa malapa.
Letšolo la "ho sireletseha ho robala", le lebise tlhokomelo ea litsela tsa ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la masea le amanang le boroko, ho akarelletsa le AIDS, ho felloa ke matla, le ho shoa ho sa hlokahaleng. Letšolo lena ke la bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore batsoali bohle ba tseba litsela tsa ho boloka masea a bona a sireletsehile. Ka ho tsoelapele, re ka thusa ho etsa bonnete ba hore batsoali bohle ba fumana molaetsa ona.
Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, basebeletsi ba masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa le li-NICU, le bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bana ba lokela ho lumellana le ho beha mehlala ea tlhahiso ea ho fokotsa likotsi tsa SIDS ho tloha ha le tsoaloa. Karolo ea boiteko ba thuto ea letšolo lena ke ho finyella batho ba bang ntle le batsoali ba ka hlokomelang bana ba hau. Sena se kenyelletsa lingaka le baoki ba hlokomelang ngoana oa hao sepetlele le liofising tsa bana. E boetse e kenyeletsa basebeletsi ba tlhokomelo ea lijo moo ngoana oa hao a ka robalang motšehare.
Lingaka tsa bana le bafani ba tlhokomelo ea mantlha ba lokela ho kenya letsoho kampong ena. Sepheo sa letšolo lena la thuto ke ho fihla ho motho e mong le e mong e moholo. Le hoja seo se bonahala se le sephara, hopola hore batho ba bangata ba ka ba le puisano le ngoana oa hau 'me ba se ke ba oela sehlopheng se seng sa litsebi. Nahana ka batho ba ka 'nang ba sebetsa lelapeng la hau la likereke, e ka' na ea e-ba baithaopi bao e ka 'nang eaba ha ba na bana kapa bana ba bona ba baholo, ho bolelang hore ha ba utloisise ka tataiso e ncha.
> Mehloli:
> Blair PS, Sidebotham P, Pease A, Fleming PJ. Ho robala betheng ha ho se na maemo a kotsi: na ho na le kotsi ea lefu la tšoaetso la masea ka tšohanyetso? Ho hlahlojoa lithuto tse peli tsa ho laola liketsahalo tse etsoang UK. PLoS One . 2014; 9 (9): e107799.
> Moon RY; Lekala la AAP la Lefu la Lefu la Bongoana le Tšohanyetso. SIDS le mafu a mang a masea a amanang le boroko: Setsi sa bopaki sa 2016 se hlophiselitsoe litlhahiso bakeng sa tikoloho e sireletsehileng ea boroetsana. Lingaka . 2016; 138 (5): e20162940.
> Rechtman LR, Colvin JD, Blair PS, Khoeli ea RY. Sofas le lefu la masea. Lingaka . 2014; 134 (5).
> Scheers NJ, Woodard DW, Thach BT. Bumpers ea litulo e tsoelapele ho baka lefu la masea: tlhokahalo ea mokhoa o mocha oa thibelo. J Pediatr. 2016; 169: 93-97, e91.
> SIDS le tse ling tse amanang le ho shoa ha masea a nang le boroko: Ho hlophisitsoe 2016 Litlhahiso bakeng sa Tikoloho ea Boroko e Sireletsehileng. POMO EA TASKE EA SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME. Phekolo ea bana ; e hatisitsoeng ka lekhetlo la pele ka la 24 October, 2016; DOI: 10.1542 / peds.2016-2938.