1 -
10 Liente li khothalletsoa Bana bohle ba banyenyaneBa re nako eo e thusa mokuli. Lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng, ke mamella ka mamello bohlokoa ba liente libukeng tsa ka le ho beha kotsi ea ba-antivaxxers libakeng tsohle. Ngaka e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle le moqolotsi oa litaba tsa bongaka eo ke kopanang le eona e tšehetsa bohlokoa ba ho khothaletsa ba bang hore ba phethe le ho phatlalatsa molaetsa. CDC , WHO, le mekhatlo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo lefapheng lohle (nahana ka Mananeo a Plio ea Polio India) a entse hore ente e be eona ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.
Qetellong, leqhubu la ho thibela ente le bonahala le fetohile, 'me batho ba bangata ba ela hloko se etsahalang ha re hana ho vaconate (bona maselese a paradeiseng AKA Disneyland). Kahoo ka "a re fumaneng ente" moea, ke batla ho u bolella liente tse 10 tseo CDC e li khothalletsang ho qala ho bana ba lilemong tse 24 kapa tse seng kae.
2 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 1: Hepatitis BHo fapana le ente e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, thibelo ea lefu la sebete la mofuta oa B e fuoa ha e hlaha . Lenaneong la CDC, tekanyo ea 3 e fanoa ka likhoeli tse 18. Leano lena la thibelo le qalile ka 1991, kahoo haeba uena kapa moratuoa oa hau a hlaha pele ho 1991, ka kōpo , fumana ente!
Hepatitis B ke palo e le 'ngoe ea sesosa sa ho se sebetse ha sebete sa sebete,' me ho se sebetse ha sebete ho bolaea. 'Nuff o itse.
3 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 2: RotavirusGo thibela malwetsi a rotavirus ka litlolo tse peli: Rotarix le RotaTeq. Rotarix e fuoa litekanyetso tse 2 ka likhoeli tse peli kapa tse 4. RotaTeq e fuoa ka tekanyo ea 3 ka likhoeli tse 2, 4 le tse 6. Esita le ka ente, ngoana a ka 'na a tšoara rotavirus.
Rotavirus e bakela letšollo le matla, mahlaba a mpeng, feberu, tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo le ho felloa ke metsi. Le hoja e ama batho ba baholo, le eona e otla bana ka ho khetheha. Ho mpefatsa boemo, hang ha o tšoara rotavirus hanngoe, u ka e tšoara hape.
U batla ho tseba hore na liithuti tsa meriana le tsa tlhokomelo li hopola joang hore kokoana-hloko ea ROTA e baka letšollo? "Ho Tšoana Hantle ho kokoana-hloko ea Anus". Mpontše seithuti sa bongaka, 'me ke tla u bontša u tsamaeang le dikishinari.
4 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 3: Diphteria, Tetanus le Pertussis ea mahlaseli (DTaP)Phofo ea DTaP e fanoa ka tekanyo ea 5 ho bana ba lilemo li 2 ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 6.
DTaP ke ts'oaetso e tharo le liente tse khahlanong le Diphtheria, T etanus, le P ertussis ea sele. Ho thahasellisang ke hore DTaP e ka kopanngoa ho feta ho thibela H aemophilus i nfluenza Mofuta oa b (Hib), polio e sa sebetseng le Hepatitis B.
Diphtheria ke tšoaetso e matla haholo ea baktheria e ka tšoaroang ke motho e mong ea senyang kapa ea khohlela kapa ea fomite (fomite ke taba ea bongaka bakeng sa ntho e sa pheleng e kang papali, sesepa kapa thaole). Diphtheria e baka 'metso, feberu, bofokoli le ho ruruha lymph nodes molaleng.
Tetanus e bakiloe ke libaktheria tsa Clostridium le ho koala mesifa eohle ho akarelletsa lehare la hao ("lockjaw"). Likokoana-hloko tsa Clostridium li kenella 'meleng ka ho phunyeletsoa ka ho teba' me li lula mobung (nahana ho tsamaea ka sefate sa khale se nang le mafome).
Pertussis kapa ho khohlela ho khohlela ke tšoaetso ea baktheria e tšoaetsanoang haholo. Le hoja e kile ea e-ba ntho e sa tloaelehang, khohlela e hohelang e ntse e ata haholo United States. Motho ea khohlela o khohlela a sa laolehe (paroxysmal) a tšoana le ho khohlela. Ho khohlela ho lumellana ho etsa hore ho be thata ho hema. Ha motho a qetella a phefumoloha, ho na le lentsoe "aop" kapa "lefu" le khethehileng la lefu. Hoa thahasellisa hore pertussis e tsoa lentsoeng la Selatine ka - e bolelang "haholo" le -tussis e bolelang "ho khohlela" kahoo "ho khohlela ho feteletseng."
5 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 4: Haemophilus influenza mofuta oa b (Hib)Phofu bakeng sa ente ea Haemophilus ea influenza mofuta oa b (Hib) e thata haholo. Ntlha ea pele, ho na le litsela tse 'maloa tsa ho thibela ente e ka etsang li-4 tekanyetso ho qala libeke tse 6 le ho fela likhoeli tse 15. Ea bobeli, haeba ngoana a e-na le sesole sa 'mele sa ho itšireletsa mafung ka lebaka leha e le lefe (tšoaetso ea HIV, chemotherapy kapa joalo), litekanyetso tse ngata li ka' na tsa hlokahala.
Le hoja Hib ke mathata a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho tloha mecheng ea litsebi tsa bophelo, Haemophilus e kena mefuteng e 6: a, b, c, d, e le f. Bakeng sa linate tsa hau tse ntle ho tsoa moo, Haemophilus e ne e le setho sa pele se phelang se nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Ho sa tsotellehe lebitso la lona, Haemophilus influenza ha e baketse feberu. Hib e ka baka pneumonia ea encephalitis, cellulitis (tšoaetso ea letlalo) le epiglottitis (epiglottis e nang le tšoaetso e thibelang sefofane). Hib e otla bana ka ho khetheha.
6 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 5: Pneumococcal ConjugateCDC e khothalletsa mefuta e 2 ea liente tsa pneumococcal: PCV13 le PPSV23. Kokoana ea PCV13 e fuoa bana bohle, mme PPSV23 e kgothaletswa bakeng sa dihlopha tse itseng tse kotsing e kholo le batho ba baholo ba lilemo li 65 le ho feta. Ho feta moo, PPSV23 e fanoa ka mor'a lilemo tse peli; athe PCV13 e fanoa ka tekanyo ea 4 e qalang likhoeli tse peli mme e fela likhoeli tse 15.
Liente tsa pneumococcal li sireletsa khahlanong le pneumococcus, e leng ntho e ka bakang tšoaetso e ka bolaeang. Ha e le hantle, pneumococcus e ka baka:
- pneumonia e matla
- mafu a mahlo
- mafu a sinus
- meningitis
- sebete (tšoaetso ea mali)
7 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 6: Poliovirus e sa sebetsengPhofu ea polilio e tsamaisoa ka tekanyo ea 4 ho tloha lilemong tse peli ho isa ho tse 6.
Le hoja e le ntho e sa tloaelehang linaheng tse ngata tsa Bophirimela, lefu la poliomyelitis kapa tšoaetso e bakoang ke kokoana-hloko ea polio e sa ntse e tloaelehile linaheng tse tsoelang pele moo batho ba fokolang haholo.
Boholo ba rona rea hlokomela, ho batho ba bang polio e qetella e hlahisa bofokoli bo tsoelang pele ba methapo ea pelo joaloka bofokoli le ho holofala.
8 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 7: InfluenzaBakeng sa bana ba pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 6 le lilemo tse 8, ente ea mafu a feberu e fanoa selemo le selemo ka tekanyo e le 'ngoe kapa e' meli (e arotsoe bonyane libeke tse 4). Bakeng sa ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 7, ente e fuoa hanngoe selemo le selemo.
Moente oa tšoaetso o re sireletsa khahlanong le feberu. Mokokotlo o tšoaetsanoa haholo 'me o ata kapele moeeng oa libaka tse ngata tse kang litsi tsa tlhokomelo ea letsatsi. Hangata, bana ba tla tlisetsa kokoana-hloko lapeng 'me ba tšoaea banab'eno le batsoali ba bang. Flu ka linako tse ling e ka etsa hore motho a fumane sepetlele kapa, ka seoelo, lefu.
9 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 8: Mefuta, Mamasu le Rubella (MMR)Mente ea m easles, m umps le li- r ubella (MMR) li atisa ho fuoa meriana e 2: tekanyo e le 'ngoe likhoeling tse 12 ho ea ho tse 15 le tekanyo e le' ngoe lilemong tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6.
Measles ke boloetse bo tšoaetsanoang haholo bo bakang tšenyo libakeng tsa sechaba haholo joaloka lipaka tsa boithabiso le likonsarete. Ho tšoaetsoa ke maselese ho baka feberu, nko e otlolohileng, 'metso, leqeba le ho feta. Ho tse ling, mathata a hamorao joaloka pneumonia le encephalitis (tšoaetso ea boko) e ka bolaea.
Sefuba sa kokoana-hloko se baka matšoao a fapaneng a maholo a akarelletsang feberu, hlooho, mokhathala le ho ruruha kapa ho ruruha ha litšoelesa tsa salivary. Matšoao a ka boela a tšoaetsa maqeba 'me a baka ho ruruha (orchitis) kapa ho ruruha. Haeba tebello ea ho ruruha ho joalo ha hoa lekana ho u kholisa hore ue entse, nahana hore orchitis ka linako tse ling e ka etsa hore motho a fokole.
Ho tšoaetsoa ke kokoana-hloko ea rubella ho na le maikutlo a bonolo le a nakoana. Hoo e ka bang halofo ea ba nang le ts'oaetso, rubella e baka moferefere o tlase, o qalang sefahlehong 'me o hasana le' mele oohle. Ho ruruha ha litšoelesa ho ea ka morao molala le hlooho (ka mor'a moo ho ea holimo le ho suboccipital) ho tsamaea le lehare. Li-masea tse tsoetsoeng ho bo-'mè ba nang le tšoaetso, tšoaetso ea rubella e tebile haholo 'me e bakisa lefuba la congenital leo ho hlokahalang hore le buuoe ka tšohanyetso.
Hoa thahasellisa hore, ho latela pono ea histori, rubella e ne e qala ho nkoa e le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea maselese (masholu a Jeremane kapa scarlet fever). (Ho etsa hore maemo a ferekanngoa, ka linako tse ling masholu a bitsoa rubeola.) Ho fihlela bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1900 kokoana-hloko ea rubella e ile ea fumanoa 'me ea tsejoa e le moemeli oa likokoana-hloko.
10 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 9: VaricellaKofu ea Varicella e atisa ho fanoa ka litekanyetso tse 2: tekanyo e le 'ngoe likhoeli tse 12 ho ea ho tse 15 le tekanyo ea bobeli lilemong tse 4 ho isa ho tse 6.
The varicella zoster virus e bakoa ke khohopox le shingles (herpes zoster), tšoaetso e bohloko le ea sebakeng se bohloko.
11 -
Go thibela malwetsi # 10: Hepatitis ABoloetse ba lefu la hepatitis A ke letoto la lipalo tse peli tse fanoeng pakeng tsa likhoeli tse 12 le tse 24. Meriana e 'meli e lokela ho aroloa likhoeli tse 6 ho isa ho tse 18.
Ka lehlohonolo, ho fapana le lefu la sebete la B le la C, lefu la sebete la A le hlōleha ho baka lefu le sa foleng la sebete 'me hangata le bolaea. E atisa ho fumanoa linaheng tse tsoetseng pele tse nang le maemo a futsanehileng a ho hloekisa, moo ho ea ka WHO, karolo ea 90 lekholong ea bana e tšoaetsoe pele e le lilemo li leshome.
Matšoao a tšoaetso ea lefu la sebete e ka tloha ho tloha bofokoling bo bobe ho ea ho matla, feberu, bothata ba mpeng, tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo, morese o lefifi le jaundice kapa ho mosehla ha letlalo le mahlo.
12 -
Liente: Li-Upshot (Pun Ka hohle li reriloe)Ntle le ha ho e-na le likokoana-hloko tse thibelang ho thibela malwetsi (nahana ka tšoaetso e matla), kaofela ha rōna re hloka ho entoa hore re se ke ra itšireletsa feela empa re sireletse ba bang. Haeba uena kapa ngoana oa hao a e-s'o ka a entoa, buisana le ngaka ea hau hobane ho thibela ho thibela ho thibela tšoaetso hoa khothaletsoa ebile hoa fumaneha. Esita le haeba o se na inshorense ea bophelo bo botle, 'muso oa' muso o fumana liente ka chelete e fokolang kapa e se nang letho.
Ho entoa ho batla ho tšoana le ho vouta. Ha e le hantle, re ka itšetleha ka ba bang hore ba be le likhetho tseo re li ratang ka lipapali tse ling, empa re ka itšetleha ka ba bang ba kenang liente ho re boloka re sireletsehile (mohlolo o tsejoang e le ho itšireletsa mafung). Leha ho le joalo, ha liphello tsa ho se sebelise litabeng tsa lipolotiki ke maikutlo le lichelete, liphello tsa ho hlōleha ho entoa li ka ba kotsi.
Ho phatloha ka ho toba ho bakoang ke mehato ea antivaccination United States le linaheng tse ling tsa Bophirimela le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ke sebele #firstworldproblem. (Joalokaha ho boleloa hantle ka Melinda Gates ka HuffPost Live, bo-'mè linaheng tse tsoelang pele ba tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse leshome, mocheso le ngoana ho ea ho etela, ho fumana ente, hobane ba tseba hore na lefu le shebahala joang.) Ka bomalimabe, palo e kholo ea batho , e itšetlehile ka keletso e sa tsejoeng ea bongaka ea batho ba tummeng (joaloka Playboy a bapalang Jenny McCarthy ea neng a tlosoa ho The View kamora nako e le 'ngoe feela), hana ho thibela bana ba bona ka lebaka la ho tšaba autism kapa mokhatlo o mong o entsoeng ka morero. (U se ke ua nketsa phoso, Ke loooove Playboy haholo joaloka mocha ea latelang.) Qetellong, keletso efe eo u tla e ela hloko: "keletso" ho tsoa hlooho e sa tsebeng ea ho bua kapa keletso e emelang kelello ea bongaka e kopanetsoeng ea CDC le ngoe e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo lefats'e ka bophara?
Mehloli e khethiloeng
Rosenau Bonfante G Khaolo ea 134. Lihlahisoa tsa masea le bana. Ka: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. eds. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: Tataiso e Phethahetseng ea Thuto, 7e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2011. O fihlile ka la 29 January, 2015.
Daley MF, O'Leary ST, Nyquist A. Liente. Ka: Hay WW, Jr., Levin MJ, Deterding RR, Abzug MJ. eds. Tlhaloso ea CURRENT & Tlhokomelo: Lingaka, 22e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2013. E fumaneha ka la 28 January, 2015.
Kumar S, Qamar AA. Khaolo ea 38. Ho hloleha ha sebete. Ho: Greenberger NJ, Blumberg RS, Burakoff R. eds. Tlhaloso ea CURRENT & Phekolo: Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Endoscopy, 2e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2012. E fumaneha ka la 28 January, 2015.
Murphy TF. Khaolo ea 145. Mafu a Haemophilus le Moraxella. Ka: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Melao-motheo ea Harrison ea Internal Medicine, 18e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2012. E fumaneha ka la 29 January, 2015.
Pringle E, Graham EM. Khaolo ea 15. Mathata a Likokoana-hloko a Amanang le Maloetse a Tsamaiso. Ka: Riordan-Eva P, Cunningham ET, Jr. eds. Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2011. O fihlile ka la 29 January, 2015.
Zimmerman LA, Sefubelu SE. Khaolo ea 193. Rubella (Lijo tsa Jeremane). Ka: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Melao-motheo ea Harrison ea Internal Medicine, 18e . New York, NY: Hill ea McGraw; 2012. E fumaneha ka la 29 January, 2015.